Costa Rican lawmakers found that American consumers paid premium prices for more than $6 million in pineapples sold as organic but grown with banned chemicals — raising hard questions about whether the USDA “organic” label can be trusted.
Luis Barrantes Quesada slices a pineapple on a Costa Rica farm owned by his company, Del Valle Verde Corp. He says the fruit is organic, but Costa Rican lawmakers found otherwise. They have asked the country’s attorney general to determine whether Barrantes, fruit certifiers and officials committed fraud.
1 The $6 Million Fake Organic Pineapple Scheme
How do you know whether food certified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture is actually organic?
You don’t, according to Costa Rican lawmakers who investigated bogus organic pineapple exports to the United States. A Costa Rican congressional committee says American consumers paid premium prices for more than $6 million in pineapples sold as organic but grown with banned chemicals.
The findings confirmed NerdWallet’s own investigation into the pineapple scheme last year and flaws it revealed in the USDA organics labeling process. NerdWallet reported conflicts of interest and mismanagement in USDA regulation of the $43 billion U.S. organics industry.
A report by the Costa Rican legislators blasted one particular pineapple producer and two companies that certified the exports as organic, accusing one of them of colluding with the producer and lying during sworn public testimony.
The certifiers “assumed the role of defense counsel for these companies that committed a large number of irregularities,” the committee report said. “The Ministry of Agriculture seems incapable of sufficient basic coordination with U.S. authorities — in the case of organic pineapple, and most likely many other products — to prevent illegal activities affecting producers and consumers.”
Lawmakers forwarded their findings to Costa Rican prosecutors for possible criminal action against a representative of the certification companies and against the country’s former agriculture minister, Luis Felipe Arauz Cavallini.
2 Concerns About the USDA Organics Program
The legislators’ findings undermine USDA officials’ assertions that they are eradicating fraud, leaving U.S. consumers in doubt about “organic” food often sold at twice regular prices.
Under the USDA system, the agency approves various companies around the world to inspect, monitor and certify whether foods bound for U.S. consumers are produced according to organic standards. The agency announced recently that it would crack down on fraudulent imports by tracing imports electronically and would increase training of certifiers.
USDA managers defend their certification process, even as U.S. farmers disenchanted with the agency roll out an alternate organic seal. An agency spokesman sidestepped NerdWallet’s questions concerning USDA failings and the Costa Rica case, instead saying consumers show confidence in the official seal.
“The continued double-digit growth in organic sales is a strong indicator of the trust American households have in the USDA organic seal,” David Glasgow, USDA agricultural marketing service public affairs director, wrote in an email.
Glasgow has declined NerdWallet’s requests for nine months to interview Betsy Rakola, USDA organics enforcement chief, and other National Organic Program officials. Rakola closed the Costa Rica pineapple case last summer.
3 Certifiers and Grower Accused of Violations
The two certifiers criticized in the legislators’ report — PrimusLabs, of California, and Kiwa BCS Oko-Garantie GmbH, of Germany — approved production of Costa Rican pineapples allegedly grown with chemicals forbidden in organics.
Humberto Gonzalez Guerrero, who certified Costa Verde-brand pineapples as organic for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, is accused of lying during sworn testimony to lawmakers, a charge he denies.
The congressional committee found that Primus violated USDA regulations by certifying farms run by Del Valle Verde Corp. while the company’s processing plant was suspended by Costa Rica for organic production.
Lawmakers concluded that Valle Verde’s pineapple operations did not meet organic standards. The committee’s report noted that Luis Barrantes Quesada, Valle Verde chief executive officer, repeatedly refused to respond to their questions.
The committee asked prosecutors to investigate whether organics certifier Humberto Gonzalez Guerrero, Barrantes and others committed perjury and other offenses.
Gonzalez, speaking for Kiwa, and Barrantes deny the accusations, as does Cavallini, who stepped down as minister of agriculture in May when a new administration took office.
Farmers selling pineapples certified as organic receive about twice the amount they can charge for conventionally grown fruit. Growing fruit with chemicals is cheaper and easier, and reduces risks of crop loss due to disease and insect infestations.
The lawmakers called on Costa Rica’s Ministry of Agriculture to stop allowing Primus and Kiwa to certify organic operations in their country. Executives at Primus AuditingOps’ Santa Maria, California, headquarters have not responded to repeated requests for comment.
4 U.S. Groups Call for Changes
In the United States, the Cornucopia Institute, a nonprofit watchdog organization, blames USDA corruption and negligence not only for an influx of fake-organic imports but for violations by domestic milk and egg producers.
The Organic Trade Association, the main U.S. organic industry group, recently announced an anti-fraud initiative. Under the pilot project, organics companies will trace individual ingredients through the supply chain, using anti-fraud guidelines recommended by an association task force.
Cornucopia, though, has criticized the effort. Anne Ross, Cornucopia farm policy analyst, says that “without regulatory changes that require all entities in the supply chain be certified, backed by strict USDA National Organic Program enforcement, there is no guide or task force that will deter and stop fraud.”
5 How to Find Organic Food You Can Trust
No system is perfect, but you have ways to find truly organic food if you don’t trust the USDA label:
Make sure you buy locally sourced produce and use resources watchdog groups have compiled to help consumers navigate the organics industry.
Stay abreast of the national drive to stop fraud and support the organic farming industry.
Photos by Richard Read, NerdWallet
The New York Times, MSN, USA Today, Mic and others have published our reporting. Sign up for our email alerts to help you avoid mistakes. Join the conversation, protect your wallet and share your stories with NerdWallet’s investigative team on Facebook.
Richard Read is a writer at NerdWallet. Email: rread@nerdwallet.com. Twitter: @RichReadReports.
The article $6 Million in Bogus Organic Fruit Sold to U.S., Costa Rican Report Finds originally appeared on NerdWallet.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How much fake organic fruit was sold to U.S. consumers?
A Costa Rican congressional committee found that American consumers paid premium prices for more than $6 million in pineapples sold as organic but grown with banned chemicals. The committee forwarded its findings to Costa Rican prosecutors for possible criminal action against a representative of the certification companies and the country's former agriculture minister.
Why do shoppers pay more for organic pineapples?
Farmers selling pineapples certified as organic receive about twice the amount they can charge for conventionally grown fruit. Growing fruit with chemicals is cheaper and easier, and it reduces the risk of crop loss due to disease and insect infestations, which is part of what made the fake-organic scheme profitable for the producer involved.
Which companies were accused in the Costa Rica pineapple case?
Two certifiers were criticized in the legislators' report: PrimusLabs of California and Kiwa BCS Oko-Garantie GmbH of Germany. They approved production of Costa Rican pineapples allegedly grown with forbidden chemicals. Producer Del Valle Verde Corp. and its chief executive, Luis Barrantes Quesada, were also named. All deny the accusations.
How does the USDA say it is fighting organic fraud?
The USDA announced it would crack down on fraudulent imports by tracing imports electronically and would increase training of certifiers. USDA managers defend their certification process, and a spokesman said the continued double-digit growth in organic sales shows the trust American households have in the USDA organic seal.
How can I find organic food I can trust?
No system is perfect, but you can buy locally sourced produce and use resources that watchdog groups have compiled to navigate the organics industry. Keep an eye out for an upstart, alternative organics label and certification process that entered a pilot phase in 2018, and stay abreast of the national drive to stop fraud and support organic farming.
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$6 Million in Bogus Organic Fruit Sold to U.S., Costa Rican Report Finds.
Costa Rican lawmakers found that American consumers paid premium prices for more than $6 million in pineapples sold as organic but grown with banned chemicals —.
Luis Barrantes Quesada slices a pineapple on a Costa Rica farm owned by his company, Del Valle Verde Corp.
How do you know whether food certified by the U.S.
You don’t, according to Costa Rican lawmakers who investigated bogus organic pineapple exports to the United States.
The findings confirmed NerdWallet’s own investigation into the pineapple scheme last year and flaws it revealed in the USDA organics labeling process.
A report by the Costa Rican legislators blasted one particular pineapple producer and two companies that certified the exports as organic.
Lawmakers forwarded their findings to Costa Rican prosecutors for possible criminal action against a representative of the certification companies and against the country’s former agriculture minister, Luis Felipe Arauz Cavallini.
The legislators’ findings undermine USDA officials’ assertions that they are eradicating fraud, leaving U.S.
Under the USDA system, the agency approves various companies around the world to inspect, monitor and certify whether foods bound for U.S.
USDA managers defend their certification process, even as U.S.
“The continued double-digit growth in organic sales is a strong indicator of the trust American households have in the USDA organic seal,” David Glasgow.
Glasgow has declined NerdWallet’s requests for nine months to interview Betsy Rakola, USDA organics enforcement chief, and other National Organic Program officials.
The two certifiers criticized in the legislators’ report — PrimusLabs, of California, and Kiwa BCS Oko-Garantie GmbH, of Germany — approved production of Costa Rican pineapples allegedly grown with chemicals forbidden in organics.
